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Illustration from an 1892 edition of
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick |
Here are today's milestones:
Born on this day:
Confucius (551 BCE; died unknown date, 479 BCE) Chinese philosopher; credited with three of Confucianism's "Four Books" (the fourth is
The Mencius, attributed to Mencius, a disciple of Confucius's grandson):
Da Xue (
The Great Learning);
Zhong Yong (
The Doctrine of the Mean); and
Lun Yu (
The Analects). Also attributed to Confucius (but, like the three books, probably written by his disciples) are the "Five Classics":
Chunqiu (
The Spring and Autumn Annals);
I Ching (
The Book of Changes);
Liji (
The Classic of Rites);
Shijing (
The Classic of Poetry); and
Shujing, or
Shangshu (
The Classic of History / Books / Documents). Of all these,
The Analects is probably most important.
Elmer Rice (1892; died May 8, 1967) American playwright best known for
The Adding Machine;
Street Scene;
Dream Girl;
Not for Children; Pulitzer Prize for Drama (1929)
Died on this day:
Herman Melville (1891; born August 1, 1819) American novelist, short story writer, and poet whose best known works include
Typee;
Moby Dick;
Billy Budd; "Bartleby, the Scrivener"
Louis Pasteur (1895; born December 27, 1822) French chemist and microbiologist who wrote
Germ Theory and Its Applications to Medicine
André Breton (1966; born February 19, 1896) French writer and poet;
Surrealist Manifesto; poems
John Dos Passos (1970; born January 14, 1896) American novelist who wrote
Manhattan Transfer; and the "U.S.A. trilogy":
The 42nd Parallel;
1919; and
The Big Money
Miles Davis (1991; born May 26, 1926) American jazz artist known for
Round About Midnight;
Sketches of Spain;
Milestones;
Kind of Blue
Elia Kazan (2003; born September 7, 1909) Greek-American filmmaker and writer known for
A Streetcar Named Desire;
On the Waterfront; and
East of Eden
Arthur Penn (2010; born September 27, 1922) American filmmaker whose films include
The Miracle Worker;
The Chase;
Bonnie and Clyde;
Alice's Restaurant;
Little Big Man
Bonus Classic:
The Panchatantra (3rd century BCE?) ancient Indian stories of the Buddha's previous lives, told for moral instruction
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